`; starContainer += ` `; for (let i = 0; i < starCount; i++) { const isFilled = i + 1 <= ratingIntegerPart; const isHalfFilled = ratingDecimalPart > 0 && i + ratingDecimalPart === rating; starRatingClass = isFilled ? "star-filled" : "star-empty"; starContainer += ` `; } starContainer += `

`; return starContainer; }, getContentShareLink: (sharingProvider, content) => { let sharingLink = ""; if (content) { let url = encodeURIComponent(document.URL); let name = encodeURIComponent(content.name); let imageUrl = encodeURIComponent(content.thumbnails.default); switch (sharingProvider) { case "facebook": sharingLink = "https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=" + url; break; case "twitter": sharingLink = "https://www.x.com/intent/tweet?text=" + name + "&url=" + url; break; case "pinterest": sharingLink = "https://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=" + url + "&media=" + imageUrl + "&description=" + name; break; case "blogger": sharingLink = "https://www.blogger.com/blog-this.g?u=" + url + "&n=" + name + "&t=" + imageUrl; break; case "mail": sharingLink = "mailto:?subject=I saw this and thought of you...%0A%0A" + url + "&body=" + imageUrl; break; case "reddit": sharingLink = "https://reddit.com/submit?url=" + url + "&title=" + name + "&thumbnail=" + imageUrl; break; case "flipboard": sharingLink = "https://share.flipboard.com/bookmarklet/popout?v=2&title=" + name + "&url=" + url + "&media=" + imageUrl; break; } } return sharingLink; }, getAuthorSoicalLinks(authorTaxonomy) { if (!authorTaxonomy?.properties) return ''; const p = authorTaxonomy.properties; const linkTo = (type, url) => ``; const socials = []; if (p.facebook) { socials.push(linkTo('facebook', `https://www.facebook.com/${p.facebook}`)); } if (p.linkedin) { socials.push(linkTo('linkedin', `https://www.linkedin.com/in/${p.linkedin}`)); } if (p.instagram) { socials.push(linkTo('instagram', `https://www.instagram.com/${p.instagram}`)); } if (p.twitter) { socials.push(linkTo('twitter', `https://www.x.com/${p.twitter}`)); } return `` }, setMostReadTitle: (title) => { return title ? title : "Most Read Articles"; }, getMostReadPrimaryCategory(content) { if (content) { const categories = content.taxonomies?.filter( t => t.type === 'category' && t.id !== 'uncategorized' ) || []; const primaryCategoryId = content.properties?.["taxonomy.category.primary"]; const primaryCategory = (categories.length > 1 && primaryCategoryId) ? categories.find(c => c.id === primaryCategoryId) ?? categories[0] : categories[0]; if (primaryCategory && primaryCategory.parentId) { const parentCategory = categories.find(c => c.id === primaryCategory.parentId); if (parentCategory) { return parentCategory; } } return primaryCategory || { id: "", name: "" }; } return { id: "", name: "" }; }, renderHowToYouWillNeedContent(content) { const prefix = 'you_will_need.im-requirements-list.list.'; const listLen = content?.properties?.[prefix + '_element_count']; const entryTexts = []; if (listLen) { for (let i = 0; i < listLen; i++) { const title = content.properties?.[`${prefix}${i}.title`]; const materials = content.properties?.[`${prefix}${i}.item.materials.name`]; const note = content.properties?.[`${prefix}${i}.item.note`]; const quantity_unit = content.properties?.[`${prefix}${i}.item.quantity_unit`]; let str = ''; if (title) str += `${title}: `; if (materials) str += materials; if (note) str += ` (${note})`; if (quantity_unit) str += ` (${quantity_unit})`; if (str.trim() !== '') { entryTexts.push(str); } } } return `

${e}

`; }, renderHowToMethodsContent(content) { const entryTexts = []; let currentGroup = 0; let stepCounter = 0; for (let i = 0; ; i++) { const groupTitle = content.properties[`how_to_method.0.list.${i}.item_group_title`]; if (groupTitle) { currentGroup++; stepCounter = 0; entryTexts.push(`

${groupTitle}

`); } else { const note = content.properties[`how_to_method.0.list.${i}.note`]; if (!note) { break; } stepCounter++; entryTexts.push(`

Step ${stepCounter}

${note}

`); } } return `

${entryTexts.join('')}

`; }, renderRecipeIngredientsContent(content) { const prefix = 'sxs-ingredients-group.sxs-ingredients-flex.'; const prefixDisplay = '.sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-display.'; const prefixData = '.sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-data.'; const listLen = content?.properties[prefix + '_element_count']; const entryTexts = []; for (let i = 0; i < listLen; i++) { let quantity = content?.properties[`${prefix + i + prefixDisplay}sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-display-quantity`]; let name = content?.properties[`${prefix + i + prefixDisplay}sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-display-ingredient`]; let note = content?.properties[`${prefix + i + prefixDisplay}sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-display-note`]; let quantityString = quantity ? `${quantity} ` : ""; let nameString = name || ""; let noteString = note ? ` ${note}` : ""; let row = quantityString + nameString + noteString; entryTexts.push(row); } if (entryTexts.length > 0) { return `

${e}`).join('')}

`; } else { return "No ingredients available."; } }, renderRecipeMethodsContent(content) { const prefix = 'sxs-method-recipe-group.sxs-method-recipe-flex.'; const listLen = content?.properties[prefix + '_element_count']; const entryTexts = []; for (let i = 0; i < listLen; i++) { const row = content.properties[`${prefix}${i}.sxs-method-recipe-step`]; if (row !== undefined) { entryTexts.push(row); } } return `

${i === 0 ? 'Step 1' : `Step ${i + 1}`}
${e}

`; }, buildJsonLD(content, document, logo, pageTitle) { const url = document?.location?.href || ''; const domain = (url !== '') ? url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', 10)) : ''; if (logo) logo["@type"] = "ImageObject"; const JSON_LS_HELPER = { fillImages: (content, jsonLD) => { jsonLD.image = []; if (content.thumbnails?.default) { jsonLD.image.push(content.thumbnails?.default); } }, fillAuthors: (content, jsonLD, onlyFirst) => { jsonLD.author = content.authors.map(a => { return { "@type": "Person", "name": a.name, "jobTitle": a.properties.job_title, "description": a.properties.description, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": a.thumbnails.default, "width": 768, "height": 574 }, "url": a.properties.user_url }; }); if (onlyFirst) { jsonLD.author = jsonLD.author.length ? jsonLD.author[0] : {}; } }, fillDates: (content, jsonLD) => { jsonLD.datePublished = new Date(content.publicationDate).toISOString(); if (content.lastModified) jsonLD.dateModified = new Date(content.lastModified).toISOString();; }, fillProsCons: (content, jsonLD) => { jsonLD.positiveNotes = []; jsonLD.negativeNotes = []; const positiveRating = content.properties["rating.positive"].split(';').map(item => item.trim()); const negativeRating = content.properties["rating.negative"].split(';').map(item => item.trim()); const positiveListItems = positiveRating.map((element, index) => ({ "@type": "ListItem", "position": index + 1, "name": element })); const negativeListItems = negativeRating.map((element, index) => ({ "@type": "ListItem", "position": index + 1, "name": element })); jsonLD.positiveNotes = { "@type": "ItemList", "itemListElement": positiveListItems }; jsonLD.negativeNotes = { "@type": "ItemList", "itemListElement": negativeListItems }; return jsonLD; }, fillPriceCurrency: (content, jsonLD) => { if (content.properties["_IM_Product_Price.GBP"]) { jsonLD.itemReviewed.offers.priceCurrency = "GBP"; } else if (content.properties["product_price._IM_Product_Price_GBP"]) { jsonLD.itemReviewed.offers.priceCurrency = "GBP"; } else if (content.properties["_IM_Product_Price.USD"]) { jsonLD.itemReviewed.offers.priceCurrency = "USD"; } else if (content.properties["product_price._IM_Product_Price_USD"]) { jsonLD.itemReviewed.offers.priceCurrency = "USD"; } else if (content.properties["_IM_Product_Price.EUR"]) { jsonLD.itemReviewed.offers.priceCurrency = "EUR"; } else if (content.properties["product_price._IM_Product_Price_EUR"]) { jsonLD.itemReviewed.offers.priceCurrency = "EUR"; } else { jsonLD.itemReviewed.offers.priceCurrency = ""; } } }; if (!content) return ''; let jsonLD = null; switch (content.postType) { case "competition": break; case "reviews": jsonLD = { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Review", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": url }, "name": content.name, "headline": content.name, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": content.thumbnails.default + "?quality=45&resize=768,574", "width": 768, "height": 574 }, "speakable": { "@type": "SpeakableSpecification", "xpath": ["/html/head/title", "/html/head/meta[@name='description']/@content"] }, "itemReviewed": { "@type": "Product", "name": content.properties.monetizer_product_name || content.properties["display.headline"] || content.name, "description": content.description, "brand": content.taxonomies.filter(t => t.type == 'brand')[0]?.name || '', "category": content.properties["taxonomy.category.primary"], "sku": content.properties["product_sku"], "reviewBody": content.properties["rating.review"], "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": content.thumbnails.default + "?quality=45&resize=768,574", "width": 768, "height": 574 }, "weight": content.properties["product_weight"], "height": content.properties["product_height"], "width": content.properties["product_width"], "depth": content.properties["product_depth"], "offers": { "@type": "Offer", "price": content.properties["_IM_Product_Price.GBP"] || content.properties["product_price._IM_Product_Price_GBP"] || content.properties["_IM_Product_Price.USD"] || content.properties["product_price._IM_Product_Price_USD"] || content.properties["_IM_Product_Price.EUR"] || content.properties["product_price._IM_Product_Price_EUR"] || '', "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition" } }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": pageTitle || '', "url": domain, "logo": logo || '' }, "reviewRating": { "@type": "Rating", "bestRating": 5, "ratingValue": content.properties["rating.number"], "worstRating": 0 }, }; JSON_LS_HELPER.fillDates(content, jsonLD); JSON_LS_HELPER.fillAuthors(content, jsonLD, true); JSON_LS_HELPER.fillProsCons(content, jsonLD); JSON_LS_HELPER.fillPriceCurrency(content, jsonLD); break; case "sxs-recipe": const convertToISODuration = (timeStr) => { if (!timeStr) return ''; const [hours, minutes, seconds] = timeStr.split(":").map(Number); let duration = "PT"; if (hours) duration += `${hours}H`; if (minutes) duration += `${minutes}M`; if (seconds) duration += `${seconds}S`; return duration; }; jsonLD = { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Recipe", name: content.name, description: content.description, prepTime: convertToISODuration(content.properties["sxs-key-data-recipe-timing.sxs-key-data-recipe-timing-prep-time.max_time"]) || convertToISODuration(content.properties["sxs-key-data-recipe-timing.sxs-key-data-recipe-timing-prep-time.min_time"]), cookTime: convertToISODuration(content.properties["sxs-key-data-recipe-timing.sxs-key-data-recipe-timing-cook-time.max_time"]) || convertToISODuration(content.properties["sxs-key-data-recipe-timing.sxs-key-data-recipe-timing-cook-time.min_time"]), totalTime: convertToISODuration(content.properties["sxs-key-data-recipe-timing.sxs-key-data-recipe-timing-total-time.max_time"]) || convertToISODuration(content.properties["sxs-key-data-recipe-timing.sxs-key-data-recipe-timing-total-time.min_time"]), recipeYield: content.properties["sxs-key-data-recipe-servings.sxs-key-data-recipe-servings-min"] || content.properties["sxs-key-data-recipe-servings.sxs-key-data-recipe-servings-max"], recipeIngredient: [], recipeInstructions: [] }; const iMax = Number(content.properties["sxs-ingredients-group.sxs-ingredients-flex._element_count"]); for (let m = 0; m < iMax; m++) { const base = `sxs-ingredients-group.sxs-ingredients-flex.${m}.sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-data.`; const quantityNumber = content.properties[`${base}sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-data-quantity.sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-data-quantity-metric-number`]; const quantityUnit = content.properties[`${base}sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-data-quantity.sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-data-quantity-metric-unit`]; const ingredientName = content.properties[`${base}sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-data-ingredient-ingredient.sxs-ingredients-flex-ingredient-data-ingredient-ingredient-term.name`]; if (ingredientName) { let ingredientString = ingredientName; if (quantityNumber && quantityUnit) { ingredientString = `${quantityNumber} ${quantityUnit} ${ingredientName}`; } else if (quantityNumber) { ingredientString = `${quantityNumber} ${ingredientName}`; } jsonLD.recipeIngredient.push(ingredientString); } } const nMax = Number(content.properties["sxs-method-recipe-group.sxs-method-recipe-flex._element_count"]); for (var m = 0; m < nMax; m++) { const rawHtml = content.properties["sxs-method-recipe-group.sxs-method-recipe-flex." + m + ".sxs-method-recipe-step"]; const plainText = rawHtml.replace(/<[^>]*>/g, '').trim(); jsonLD.recipeInstructions.push({ "@type": "HowToStep", "name": "Step " + (m + 1), "text": plainText }); } JSON_LS_HELPER.fillDates(content, jsonLD); JSON_LS_HELPER.fillImages(content, jsonLD); JSON_LS_HELPER.fillAuthors(content, jsonLD, true); break; case "how_to": jsonLD = { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "HowTo", name: content.name, image: { "@type": "ImageObject", url: content.properties.hero_image, "height": "406", "width": "305" }, supply: [], step: [] }; const sMax = Number(content.properties["you_will_need.im-requirements-list.list"]); for (var m = 0; m < sMax; m++) { const supplyText = content.properties["you_will_need.im-requirements-list.list." + m + ".item.materials.name"] + " (" + content.properties["you_will_need.im-requirements-list.list." + m + ".item.quantity_unit"] + ")"; jsonLD.supply.push({ "@type": "HowToSupply", name: supplyText }); } const mMax = Number(content.properties.how_to_method); for (var m = 0; m < mMax; m++) { const idxMax = Number(content.properties["how_to_method." + m + ".list"]); for (var idx = 0; idx < idxMax; idx++) { const note = content.properties["how_to_method." + m + ".list." + idx + ".note"]; const noteEl = document.createElement('p'); noteEl.innerHTML = note; const stepText = noteEl.innerText; jsonLD.step.push({ "@type": "HowToStep", name: "Step " + (idx + 1), "text": stepText }); } } break; case "list": break; case "glossary": break; case "offer": jsonLD = { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Product", name: content.name, description: content.description, offers: { "@type": "Offer", url: content.properties.link_link_to } }; JSON_LS_HELPER.fillImages(content, jsonLD); break; default: jsonLD = { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", headline: content.name, }; JSON_LS_HELPER.fillDates(content, jsonLD); JSON_LS_HELPER.fillImages(content, jsonLD); JSON_LS_HELPER.fillAuthors(content, jsonLD); } const result = jsonLD ? JSON.stringify(jsonLD) : "{}"; return result; }, getPath() { return document.location.pathname; }, getPostTags(content) { if (!content || !content.taxonomies) return ''; return content.taxonomies.filter(t => t.type === 'tag').map(t => t.id).join(','); }, getTaxonomyValue: (content, taxonomyType) => { if (!content || !content.taxonomies) return ''; return content.taxonomies.filter(t => t.type === taxonomyType).map(t => t.id).join(','); }, isNative(content) { if (!content || !content.properties) return false; return content && content.properties && (content.properties["sponsor_type"] === "native-advertorial"); }, getNoImageClass(isNoImage) { return isNoImage === true ? 'no-image' : ''; }, getBannerSrc(settings, bannerId) { return settings[bannerId]?.image; }, getBannerUrl(settings, bannerId) { return settings[bannerId]?.url; }, setArticleTitle: (articleName, articleSeoTitle, globalTitle) => { const parsedarticleSeoTitle = JSON.parse(articleSeoTitle).title || ""; if (parsedarticleSeoTitle) { return parsedarticleSeoTitle; } else { return articleName ? `${articleName} | ${globalTitle}` : ''; } }, setTaxonomyTitle: (taxName, taxSeoTitle, globalTitle) => { const parsedtaxSeoTitle = JSON.parse(taxSeoTitle).title || ""; if (parsedtaxSeoTitle) { return parsedtaxSeoTitle; } else { return taxName ? `${taxName} | ${globalTitle}` : ''; } }, setTaxonomyDescription: (desName, taxSeoDes) => { const parsedtaxSeoDes = JSON.parse(taxSeoDes).description || ""; const cleanDesName = desName.replace(/<\/?p>/g, ""); if (parsedtaxSeoDes) { return parsedtaxSeoDes; } else { return cleanDesName || ""; } }, setArticleDescription: (seoDes, contextDes) => { const parsedSeoDes = JSON.parse(seoDes).description || ""; if (parsedSeoDes) { return parsedSeoDes; } else { return contextDes || "" } }, setRobots: (metaData) => { const meta = JSON.parse(metaData); const robots = meta.robots; console.log('robots', robots); if (robots && typeof robots === 'object') { const directives = []; if (robots.index === 'noindex') directives.push('noindex'); if (robots.follow === 'nofollow') directives.push('nofollow'); return directives.length > 0 ? directives.join(', ') : 'noarchive'; } return 'noarchive'; }, isNotAnEmptyList(list) { return !!list?.length; }, getCurrentYear: () => { return new Date().getFullYear(); } }

${groupTitle}

Step ${stepCounter}

${i === 0 ? 'Step 1' : `Step ${i + 1}`}

Mathew Ludgate

Astrophotographer

Faint nebulae? Follow these tips to transform your astrophotos