It never ceases to amaze us, the images of the cosmos that amateur astrophotographers are able to capture from their back gardens.
The level of equipment and processing software available to night-sky photographers these days is remarkable, and as a result, there's been a huge increase in the number of people who have taken to capturing the Universe.
And with the advent of smart telescopes, it seems a hobby that was once the preserve of a few has been opened up to many more.
Astrophoto advice
We see great evidence of this in the numerous, high-quality astro images that flood our email inbox every month.
Here are some of the best astro images sent to us this year.
If you're an astrophotographer, whether seasoned or newbie, send us your images and they could appear in a future issue of BBC Sky at Night Magazine, or indeed, in next year's 'best of' list.
January
Planetary nebula PuWe 1
Andrea Arbizzi, Modena, Italy, December 2024–April 2025
Andrea says: “PuWe 1 is a tough, faint target and even more so from my Bortle 8 sky! But after 28 hours and some intensive processing, I was able to show this beautiful nebula that’s normally drowned out by light pollution.
“In order to capture this extremely faint planetary nebula, I had to use the Optolong L-Ultimate multi-narrowband filter, which lets through just 3 nanometres of light centred on the Ha and OIII wavelengths. The nebula would have drowned in light pollution otherwise.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI2600MC Duo camera, Askar FRA500 refractor, ZWO AM5N mount
Exposure: Ha/OIII 163x 600”, UV/IR 98x 30”, total 28h
Software: Astro Pixel Processor, PixInsight, Photoshop
The Moon and Venus
Rui Santos, Amor, Leiria, Portugal, 3 January 2025
Rui says: “When I saw this conjunction, I grabbed my equipment and managed to frame it against the top of my village’s church, despite light pollution, electricity cables and cars passing right by where I was standing.”
Equipment: Sony a6000 camera, Soligor 75–300mm lens, Geekoto AT24Pro Dreamer tripod
Exposure: ISO 1,250 f/16, 2.5”
Software: Photoshop, Lightroom
The Pleiades
Richard O’Reilly, St Albans, Hertfordshire, 3 January 2025
Richard says: “This was a challenge to capture due to the faintness of the nebulae and the close proximity of the bright star Gamma Cassiopeiae.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI2600MM Pro camera, Sky-Watcher Esprit 120 ED refractor, ZWO AM5 mount
Exposure: LRGB 30x 120” each
Software: PixInsight
Orion’s Belt and Sword
Tracey Harty, Penrhyn Bay, Conwy, 31 January 2025
Tracey says: “Testing my new widefield setup in poor conditions, I wasn’t optimistic about capturing this region successfully, but the results were far better than I expected!”
Equipment: ZWO ASI071MC Pro camera, Samyang 135mm f/2 lens, Sky-Watcher HEQ5 Pro mount
Exposure: 40x 3’, total 2h
Software: DeepSkyStacker, PixInsight, Lightroom
Wolf Moon over the Statue of Liberty
Chirag Upreti, New York, USA, 13 January 2025
Chirag says: “This image captures the Wolf Moon against a crisp, chilly early morning sky. I was captivated by the way the Moon seemed to surf along the low-lying clouds.”
Equipment: Sony a7R IIII camera, Sony 200–600mm lens, Leofoto Ranger LS-255CEX tripod
Exposure: ISO 160 f/9, 1/15”
Software: Lightroom, Photoshop
Tania Australis and NGC 3184
David Hugill, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, 9 January 2025
David says: “Star clusters and a galaxy made for a challenging target. Aligning my home-made star-spike mask took a while, and a bright Moon didn’t help, but the result was worth the time and effort.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI585MC Pro camera, StellaMira 90mm ED refractor, ZWO AM3 mount
Exposure: 375x 60”
Software: PixInsight
February
Montes Caucasus and Apenninus
Simon Laverick, Darlington, Co Durham, UK 8 February 2025
Simon says: “It’s amazing what you can capture from a back garden in the northeast of England! I was delighted with the clarity I achieved.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI183MC camera, Celestron EdgeHD 8-inch Schmidt–Cassegrain, ZWO AM5N mount
Exposure: 3x 60” video
Software: AstroSurface, PixInsight, Photoshop
Rotation of Jupiter
Rich Addis, Wallasey, Merseyside, UK, 5 January–4 February 2025
Rich says: “It’s fascinating to watch Jupiter’s cloud patterns change from one day to the next. Bringing out details with a small scope is a challenge, but it makes the results even more rewarding.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI120MC camera, Celestron NexStar 6SE SCT
Exposure: 2,000x 0.01” video (best 1,200)
Software: AutoStakkert!
NGC 2359, Thor’s Helmet
Greg Lynes, Pelynt, Cornwall, 31 January 2025
Greg says: “NGC 2359 has been a dream of mine since taking up astrophotograpy two years ago. There were some challenges involved, but the final image turned out better than I expected.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI183MC Pro camera, RVO Horizon 80ED refractor, Sky-Watcher EQM-35 Pro mount
Exposure: 69x 300”
Software: PixInsight
Aurora borealis
Alessandro Scalas, Lofoten Islands, Norway, 12 February 2025
Photographer says: “The sky was cloudy, but then it opened up and started to turn green, and I was amazed to see a moonbow reflecting the light of the full Moon behind me. It was a fantastic experience, despite the extreme cold!”
Equipment: Nikon Z7 II camera, Nikkor Z 14–30mm lens, Leofoto Ranger LS-254C tripod
Exposure: ISO 3200 f/4.0, 6”
Software: Camera Raw
The Jellyfish Nebula
Steven Hill, Swansea, UK, February–March 2025
Steven says: “This is a relatively easy target to image, and I was pleased with the result. The nebula’s size required a widefield image to capture its intricate detail and molecular composition.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI2600MC Duo camera, William Optics RedCat 61 refractor, ZWO AM5 mount
Exposure: RGB 60x 60” each, Ha/OIII 48x 300”, SII/OIII 48x 300”
Software: PixInsight, Lightroom, Photoshop
March
Partial solar eclipse
Greg Meyer, Painted Rock Petroglyph Site, Arizona, USA, 13 March 2025
Greg says: “It was overcast and had been extremely windy some hours before, but the Astrospheric weather app predicted clear skies for the eclipse and it was right!”
Equipment: Canon EOS 6D MkII camera, Sigma 150–600mm lens, ZWO AM5 mount
Partial solar eclipse
Rebecca Saxton, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK, 29 March 2025
Rebecca says: “The partial eclipse lasted for nearly two hours and I wanted to document the whole event, so a composite was the best medium.”
Equipment: Canon EOS 6D camera, Canon 70–200mm lens, K&F Concept 64 tripod
Exposure: ISO 200 f/4, 1/80”
Software: Lightroom, Photoshop
Partial eclipse and aircraft transit
Peter Phelps, Ferring, West Sussex, UK, 29 March 2025
Peter says: “I captured a video of the partial solar eclipse using my Seestar S50. Later, I realised an outbound aeroplane from Gatwick had photobombed one of the frames, adding an extra dimension.”
Equipment: Seestar S50 smart telescope, solar filter
Exposure: 2”
Software: Clipchamp
Aurora borealis
John Chumack, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA, 22 March 2025
John says: “The aurora was very active after sunset and really kicked up by 10pm. Here’s a quick fisheye shot I took looking straight over my head.”
Equipment: Canon EOS 6D camera, 8mm fisheye lens, Manfrotto 3021 Pro tripod
Exposure: ISO 3200 f/3.5, 20”
Software: Adobe Camera Raw
April
The Cigar Galaxy
Rikesh Patel, Lowton, Greater Manchester, UK, 6 and 7 April 2025
Rikesh says: “I’m so proud of this image of M82. I think it’s turned out to be one of my best since I started astrophotography five years ago.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI294MM Pro camera, Sky-Watcher Quattro 250P reflector, Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro mount
Exposure: L 50x 180”, R 30x 180”, G 30x 180”, B 30x 180”, Ha 58x 300”
Software: Astro Pixel Processor, PixInsight
The Sun
Gary Levers, Retford, Nottinghamshire, UK, 30 April 2025
Gary says: “There’s something about seeing the Sun through a hydrogen-alpha telescope. This is a four-panel mosaic that I took at home in Retford.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI120MM camera, Sky-Watcher Heliostar 76Ha telescope, Sky-Watcher EQ5 mount
Exposure: Best 10 per cent of 1,500 frames (per panel)
Software: AutoStakkert!, Image Composite Editor, Affinity Photo
The Heart Nebula
Craig Dixon, Scarborough, North Yorkshire, UK, 24 February–11 April 2025
Craig says: “Being circumpolar, the Heart Nebula is a great target for short-focal-length telescopes. Creating a two-panel mosaic allowed me to capture the entire object.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI183MM Pro camera, ZWO FF65 refractor, ZWO AM3 mount
Exposure: R 80x 30”, G 80x 30”, B 79x 30’, Ha 246x 600”, SII 258x 60”, OIII 256x 600”, total 128h 39’ 30”
Software: PixInsight
May
Markarian’s Chain
Overall Photons astrophotography collective, 29 locations worldwide, March–May 2025
Overall Photons say: “Markarian’s Chain hides a secret: very faint bridges of ionised hydrogen linking the galaxies. Now, through the power of collaboration, these elusive structures have been captured in unprecedented detail.”
Equipment: 29 setups with telescopes ranging from 3 to 11 inches
Exposure: 660h
Software: Siril, PixInsight, Photoshop
The Elephant’s Trunk Nebula
Bill Lowry, Chiddingstone Hoath, Kent, UK, April and May 2025
Bill says: “I chose this target because there’s so much going on. It’s huge and I really wanted to do it justice, so lots of time was thrown at it!”
Equipment: ZWO ASI2600MM Pro camera, William Optics GT-81 IV refractor, Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro mount
Exposure: LRGB 50x 30”, Ha 6x 1,200”, 28x 600”, OIII 23x 1,200”, 10x 600”, SII 42x 1,200”, 10x 600”, total 36h 40’
Software: PixInsight
Emission nebula NGC 6164
Cecil Navick and Francis Bozon, remotely via Obstech, El Sauce Observatory, Chile, 4 May–28 June 2025
Cecil says: “We chose NGC 6164 because it’s rarely photographed, plus it’s a target well suited to our scope’s focal length and the camera’s highly sensitive sensor.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI6200MM camera, PlaneWave CDK14 astrograph, Mathis MI-750 mount
Exposure: 118h total
Software: PixInsight, Astro Pixel Processor, Photoshop
June
360° star trails
Greg Meyer, Ash Fork, Arizona, USA, 1 June 2025
Greg says: “This took a long time to process, and I’m still learning, but I love the effect of the 360° view, and the options that come with the processing.”
Equipment: Insta360 4X camera, Gitzo Mountaineer tripod
Exposure: 500x 30”
Software: Lightroom, StarStaX, Photoshop
The Bubble Nebula
Jelieta Walinksi, St David, Arizona, USA, 21 June 2025
Jelieta says: “I overcame visibility challenges and monsoon clouds to reveal this stunning image. My appreciation for the Universe grows and makes me more curious about what else is out there.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI2600MC Pro camera, Celestron NexStar Evolution 9.25 Schmidt–Cassegrain, Sky-Watcher EQ6-R Pro mount
Exposure: 30x 900”
Software: PixInsight, DeepSkyStacker, Photoshop
Moonrise
Peter Coates, Beverley, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK, 12–13 June 2025
Peter says: “I worked out the moonrise position the night before and was really pleased to capture this five-shot composite as the Moon slowly rose above Black Mill, a well-known local landmark.”
Equipment: Canon EOS 1100D camera, Canon 55–250mm lens, Zomei Z818 tripod
Exposure: 5x 0.5”
Software: StarStaX
The Milky Way
AJ Singh, Tso Kar, Ladakh, India, 26 June 2025
AJ says: “This was my first visit to Tso Kar lake. Capturing panels to create panoramic images is always hectic, but the results are fruitful.”
Equipment: Canon EOS R camera, Canon RF 16mm lens, iOptron SkyTracker mount
Exposure: Sky 12x 180”, foreground 16x 90”
Software: Lightroom, Photoshop
The Serpent Nebula
Patrick Cosgrove, Honeoye Falls, New York, USA, 22–23 June 2025
Patrick says: “I was perusing the Sharpless catalogue for a nice target for my first narrowband effort from my new backyard observatory, when I came across this fascinating nebula.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI2600MM Pro camera, Astro-Physics StarFire 130 EDT refractor, custom steel pier mount
Exposure: Ha 36x 300”, OIII 35x 300”, SII 36x 300”
Software: PixInsight, Photoshop
July
The Dark Shark Nebula
Ron Brecher, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 23–30 July 2025
Ron says: “Many celestial objects resemble animals, but perhaps none more so than the Dark Shark. Its snout, jaws, eye, dorsal fin and tail are all obvious in this sea of dust, gas and stars. It was great fun teasing out the details.”
Equipment: QHYCCD QHY168C camera, Sky-Watcher Esprit 70EDX refractor, Sky-Watcher Wave 150i mount
Exposure: 287x 300”
Software: PixInsight
Solar prominence
Anton Matthews, Bristol, UK, 3 July 2025
Photographer says: “Towards the end of an early morning session, I took one more look and spotted this prominence. I’d never seen, let alone imaged, one this far from the disc.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI174MM camera, Coronado SolarMax II 60 solar telescope, Sky-Watcher AZ-GTiX mount
Exposure: 10-panel mosaic, 1,000 frames each, 114fps
Software: ImPPG, Microsoft ICE, GIMP
August
Melotte 15
Tom McCrorie, Prestwick, South Ayrshire, UK, September 2024 and August–September 2025
Tom says: “This open cluster has always intrigued me and is one of my favourite objects to image. From the colours to the details, it will never cease to amaze me. I’m super happy with the final image.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI533MM Pro camera, Sky-Watcher Explorer 200P Dobsonian, ZWO AM5 mount
Exposure: 24h total
Software: PixInsight, Photoshop
The Andromeda Galaxy
Zeno Foderaro, Sagna Rotonda, Piedmont, Italy, 23 August 2025
Zeno says: “Andromeda has always fascinated me, but I’ve found it tricky to capture. I finally succeeded, 1,700 metres up in the Italian Alps, under pristine skies, using no filters.”
Equipment: Tecnosky Vision 571C, Tecnosky FPL55 90/540 OWL refractor, iOptron CEM26 mount
Exposure: 91x 240”
Software: PixInsight, Photoshop
Venus and Jupiter over the Dolomites
Giorgia Hofer, Danta di Cadore, Veneto, Italy, 14 August 2025
Giorgia says: “Conjunctions are the events I love most, and dawn that day gave me a truly exceptional palette of colours, with the clouds glowing pink and the sky slowly turning orange.”
Equipment: Nikon D750 camera, Sigma 24–35mm lens, Benro IT25 tripod
Exposure: Sky ISO 1000 f/3.2, 2”; landscape ISO 1000 f/3.2, 1”
Software: Photoshop
Five years of Saturn
Philip Michel, St Albans, Hertfordshire, UK, 28 August 2020–13 August 2025
Philip says: “I made this composite to show the evolution of Saturn’s rings over the years – and how my imaging skills have improved.”
Equipment: ZWO ASI290MC camera, Sky-Watcher Skyliner 300P Dobsonian
Exposure: Best 33 per cent of 6,000 frames, 25ms per frame
Software: AutoStakkert!, RegiStax
September
Total lunar eclipse
Prabhu, Mleiha National Park, UAE, 7 September 2025
Prabhu says: “At peak eclipse, the Moon appears deep red as it’s fully covered by Earth’s shadow. Reduced brightness allows background stars to become visible.”
Equipment: Canon EOS RP camera, Celestron Edge HD 11-inch Schmidt–Cassegrain, Celestron CGX-L mount
Exposure: ISO 3200, 6”
Software: PixInsight, Photoshop
The Garlic Nebula, Abell 85
Photographer/Location/Date: Neil Wilson, Terrington St Clement, Norfolk, UK, 22 September 2025
Photographer says: “I’d been keen to photograph this nebula for a while. Using a dual-band filter enabled me to highlight Ha in gold and OIII in blue, and I’m pleased with the results.”
Equipment: Altair Asto Hypercam 26C camera, Celestron EdgeHD 9.25-inch Schmidt–Cassegrain, Sky-Watcher AZ-EQ6 Pro mount
Exposure: 77x 90”
Software: Photoshop, Siril, StarNet++
Lunar eclipse
Andrea Georgievova, Mount Ještěd, Czech Republic, 7 September 2025
Andrea says: “I mostly do wildlife photography, but I didn’t want to miss this opportunity. There was a lot of cloud cover, but after half an hour the Moon appeared in all its glory.”
Equipment: Olympus OM-1 camera, Zuiko 150–600mm lens, Sirui Traveler 5AX tripod
Exposure: ISO 8000 f/6.3, 0.5”
Software: Photoshop
CSS lunar transit
Tianyao Yang, Chifeng, China, 8 September 2025
Tianyao says: “I don’t believe anyone has captured Tiangong, the Chinese space station, transiting the Moon during a lunar eclipse before, so I was overjoyed to capture an event I’d been planning for since 2022!”
Equipment: Sony A1 camera, Sony 600mm lens, iOptron SkyTracker mount
Exposure: transit ISO 1600 f/4, 22x 0.0005”; eclipse ISO 100 f/8, 0.5”
Software: Lightroom, Photoshop, AutoStakkert!
The Moon’s orbit in starlight
Adeel Shafiq, Lahore, Pakistan, 13 September 2025
Adeel says: “This image traces the Moon’s apparent sidereal motion as it passed the Pleiades. Capturing its journey in one continuous sequence was a rewarding experience.”
Equipment: Canon EOS 1300D camera, Samyang 135mm lens, iOptron SkyTracker mount
Exposure: ISO 100 f/6, 1,276x 3”
Software: Photoshop
October
The Milky Way over Oregon
Jeff Doyle, Samuel H Boardman State Scenic Corridor, Oregon, USA, 15 October 2020
Jeff says: “The Milky Way unfolds above the rugd cliffs of the Oregon coast, casting an ethereal glow that softens the rawness of the terrain. Silence is sacred here, punctuated only by the distant crash of waves.”
Equipment: Canon EOS R camera, Canon EF 16–35mm lens, Really Right Stuff tripod
Exposure: Milky Way ISO 12,800 f/4, 13”; foreground ISO 250 f/11, 30”
Software: Starry Landscape Stacker, Photoshop
Comet C/2025 A6 (Lemmon)
Hassan Abdollahabadi, Rivash Mountains, Iran, 26 October 2025
Rivash says: "This is a composite image of many images stacked to extract Lemmon's ion and dust tails, taken under a clear sky away from light pollution in the Rivash Dolomites mountains. The Messier 10 globular cluster is visible on the right side of the image.
Equipment: Canon EOS R6 DSLR camera, Samyang lens @135mm
Exposure: Sky : 20 x 20 seconds, ISO 1600. Ground : 5 x 20 seconds, ISO 6400
Software: DeepSky Stacker, Photoshop Date of shooting: November 08, 2025
The Elephant's Trunk Nebula
Terry Hancock, Whitewater, Colorado, USA, 28 October 2025
Terry says: "IC 1396 is a large, faintly bright, star-forming region that is about 100 light-years across and lies toward the constellation Cepheus at a distance of about 2,400 light-years from our Solar System. In this nebula, cometary globules and long columns of dense dark dust are abundant, potential sites for the generation of new stars."
Equipment: QHY600M camera, Takahashi Epsilon-180ED astrograph, Paramount ME mount
Exposure: Total Integration time 13.8 hours. Ha: 275 min, 55 x 300 sec, OIII: 345 min, 69 x 300 sec, SII: 210 min, 42 x 300 sec. Gain 26, offset 76.
Software: Pixinsight, Photoshop
Aurora
Jamie Vince, Altnaharra, Sutherland, UK, 18 October 2025
Jamie says: "While camping in northern Scotland, I was treated to an incredible surprise display. I opted for a wide-angle, vertical composition to show the vast pillars of light dancing over the wind turbines."
Equipment: Sony A7 III camera, Tamron 17–28mm lens, Rangers RA115 tripod
Exposure: ISO 1250 f/2.8, 15”
Software: Lightroom
Mineral Moon
Nayyar Badu, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK, 12 October 2025
Nayyar says: "I’ve always wanted to try lunar photography, and this was my first attempt on a clear night. It’s a 24-panel mosaic combined with a colour image."
Equipment: Nikon D5500 and ZWO ASI120MM-S cameras, Sky-Watcher Explorer 130P-DS reflector, Sky-Watcher EQ5 Pro mount
Exposure: 286x 0.02”, 24x stacked video frames
Software: PIPP, AutoStakkert!, RegiStax, Photoshop, Microsoft ICE
November
Comet 3I/ATLAS
Osama Faithi, Black Desert, Egypt, 29 November 2025
Osama says: "This frame was planned and captured from the Black Desert in Egypt on the night of 29 November 2025. I began the session around 03:00 in complete desert silence. No city lights, just the dark silhouettes of the trees and the pure sky above. In that still, beautiful scene, 3I/ATLAS appeared in the field of view: a faint visitor from another star system, crossing our sky once in a lifetime while the desert slept."
Equipment: Nikon Z6 astro-modified camera, RedCat telescope lens
Exposure: ISO 1500, 60x60", 60x30"
Stable Auroral Red Arc
Ondrej Králik, Tatra Mountains, Slovakia, 12 November 2025.
Ondrej says: " On 12 November 2025, Europe had a great chance to witness a strong aurora caused by a powerful X5-class solar flare. It’s hard enough to predict weather on Earth, let alone space weather.
"Although the aurora eventually appeared in the early morning hours, it was far less intense than expected. However, a beautiful accompanying phenomenon lit up the night sky — a SAR arc (Stable Auroral Red Arc)."
Equipment: Canon EOS 6D DSLR camera, Sigma 24mm, f/1.4.
Exposure: f/2.8, ISO 4000, 13 sec
The Wizard Nebula
Martin Clayden, Lancashire, UK, 25 November 2025
Martin says: "A spell of clear weather gave me the opportunity to Image the Wizard Nebula from my Bortle 4 location here in West Lancashire. I really like how the ionised hydrogen gas and dust lanes have come out in this image."
Equipment: ZWO ASI 533MC Pro Camera, Sky-Watcher Explorer 130P-DS OTA Newtonian, Sky-Watcher HEQ5 Pro mount.
Exposure: 46x5minutes (230 total).
Software: APT, SharpCap, PHD2, PixInsight
The Pleiades
Carl Parnell, Dawlish, Devon, UK, 19, 20 & 25 November 2025.
Equipment: ZWO ASI294MM Pro camera, ASI120MM Mini camera, Williams Redcat 51 refractor, ZWO AM5 Mount.
Exposure: Luminance: 55x120s Red: 30x180s Green: 30x180s Blue: 30x240s (Total 6h 50m integration time).
Software: ASI Air, Pixinsight.
December
The Cold Full Moon
Joe Bonner, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 5 December 2025.
Joe says: "The Cold Full Moon setting over the Rideau Canal and the Chateau Laurier hotel in Ottawa. The brickwork of the Chateau is lit orange by the rising Sun, as is the ice that is starting to form on the Rideau Canal. This was a cold morning! It was -19°C, -25°C with wind chill.
Equipment: Canon EOS 6D DSLR camera, Canon 75–300mm, tripod.
Exposure: ISO 1600, 160mm, f/22, 1/125 second.
Software: Photoshop Creative Cloud
The Heart Nebula
Mohammed Abdallah, Suez, Egypt, 18 December 2025.
Mohammed says: "This is about 20 hours of integration of the Heart Nebula from my backyard in Bortle 8. The editing is in the HOO/RGB Palette."
Equipment: Nikon D3500 camera, Nikon 80-200mm f/2.8 lens, iOptron Skyguider Pro mount, Svbony SV220 filter.
Exposure: ISO 3200, 1583x45s, 35 darks, 35 flats, 35 biases.
Software: Siril, Photopea, Photoshop
The Dolphin Head Nebula
Adriano Anfuso, Chile, 15 December 2025.
Equipment: ZWO ASI6200MM Pro camera, Takahashi E160ED f/3.3 Newtonian, Paramount Software Bisque MX+5 mount.
Exposure: 21h 45m.
Software: PixInsight
