Dark matter

Scientists inspect the newly-assembled LUX-ZEPLIN experiment at the Surface Assembly Lab cleanroom, Sanford Underground Research Facility. Credit: Matthew Kapust, Sanford Underground Research Facility.

LUX-ZEPLIN: the new experiment hoping to detect dark matter

A Hubble Space Telescope image showing gravitational lensing in action. At the centre of the image is a galaxy cluster, which contains so much dark matter mass its gravity is bending the light of more distant objects (seen as curves of light around the cluster). Image Credit: NASA, ESA, J. Richard (CRAL) and J.-P. Kneib (LAM). Acknowledgement: Marc Postman (STScI)

Dark matter – the ‘missing’ Universe

The Axiom Dark Matter Experiment will superconducting magnetic field detectors to amplify the tiny signals of the candidate dark matter particles.

Latest hunt for dark matter begins

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Big and Small in Space at Ed Sci Festival

The first stars in the Universe were extremely massive, blue and bright. Image Credit: N.R.Fuller, National Science Foundation

Earliest stars in the Universe detected

At the centre of this image is an elliptical galaxy, the brightest member of galaxy cluster Abell 2261. A study showing that galaxies like these wobble could shake up our current understanding of dark matter. Credit: NASA, ESA, M. Postman (Space Telescope Science Institute, USA), T. Lauer (National Optical Astronomy Observatory, USA), and the CLASH team.

Dark matter study views wobbling galaxies

The map covers over 1300 square degrees of the entire sky and spans several billion light years in extent. Red regions have more dark matter than average, blue regions less dark matter. Image Credit: Chihway Chang of the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, and the DES collaboration

Map of the cosmos ‘sees’ dark Universe

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What is dark matter?

This artist’s impression shows the Milky Way galaxy. The blue halo of material surrounding the galaxy indicates the expected distribution of the mysterious dark matter, which was first introduced by astronomers to explain the rotation properties of the galaxy and is now also an essential ingredient in current theories of the formation and evolution of galaxies. New measurements show that the amount of dark matter in a large region around the Sun is far smaller than predicted and have indicated that there is no significant dark matter at all in our neighbourhood. Credit: ESA / NASA

Dark matter left early galaxies alone

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Galaxy found that is 99.99% dark matter

For the calibration of relatively short distances the team observed Cepheid variables. These are pulsating stars which fade and brighten at rates that are proportional to their true brightness and this property allows astronomers to determine their distances. The researchers calibrated the distances to the Cepheids using a basic geometrical technique called parallax. With Hubble’s sharp-eyed Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), they extended the parallax measurements further than previously possible, across the Milky Way galaxy. To get accurate distances to nearby galaxies, the team then looked for galaxies containing both Cepheids and Type Ia supernovae. Type Ia supernovae always have the same intrinsic brightness and are also bright enough to be seen at relatively large distances. By comparing the observed brightness of both types of stars in those nearby galaxies, the team could then accurately measure the true brightness of the supernova. Using this calibrated rung on the distance ladder the accurate distance to additional 300 type Ia supernovae in far-flung galaxies was calculated. They compare those distance measurements with how the light from the supernovae is stretched to longer wavelengths by the expansion of space. Finally, they use these two values to calculate how fast the universe expands with time, called the Hubble constant.

Universe is expanding faster than expected

Left: a section of the Illustris simulation showing the distribution of dark matter, with a width and height of 350 million lightyears and a thickness of 300,000 light years. Galaxies are found in the small, white, high-density dots. Right: The same data showing the distribution of normal matter. Credit: Markus Haider / Illustris collaboration

Black holes blast matter into cosmic voids

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Dark matter map reveals early Universe history

Dark matter black hole lab

Black holes could be ideal dark matter labs

Collage of six cluster collisions with dark matter maps

Dark matter: the plot thickens